Closed expression of the interaction kernel in the Bethe-Salpeter equation for quark-antiquark bound states

The interaction kernel in the Bethe-Salpeter equation for quark-antiquark bound states is derived from the Bethe-Salpeter equations satisfied by the quark-antiquark four-point Green's function. The latter equations are established based on the equations of motion obeyed by the quark and antiquark propagators, the four-point Green's function and some other kinds of Green's functions which follow directly from the QCD generating functional. The B-S kernel derived is given an exact and explicit expression which contains only a few types of Green's functions. This expression is not only convenient for perturbative calculations, but also suitable for nonperturbative investigations.Comment: 27 pages,no figure

Muscle atrophy in critically ill patients : a review of its cause, evaluation, and prevention

Critically ill patients exhibit prominent muscle atrophy, which occurs rapidly after ICU admission and leads to poor clinical outcomes. The extent of atrophy differs among muscles as follows: upper limb: 0.7%–2.4% per day, lower limb: 1.2%–3.0% per day, and diaphragm 1.1%–10.9% per day. This atrophy is caused by numerous risk factors such as inflammation, immobilization, nutrition, hyperglycemia, medication, and mechanical ventilation. Muscle atrophy should be monitored noninvasively by ultrasound at the bedside. Ultrasound can assess muscle mass in most patients, although physical assessment is limited to almost half of all critically ill patients due to impaired consciousness. Important strategies to prevent muscle atrophy are physical therapy and electrical muscular stimulation. Electrical muscular stimulation is especially effective for patients with limited physical therapy. Regarding diaphragm atrophy, mechanical ventilation should be adjusted to maintain spontaneous breathing and titrate inspiratory pressure. However, the sufficient timing and amount of nutritional intervention remain unclear. Further investigation is necessary to prevent muscle atrophy and improve long-term outcomes

Anti-inflammatory effects of phosphophoryn

広島大学(Hiroshima University)博士(歯学)Doctor of Philosophy in Dental Sciencedoctora

Experimental Implementation of a Target Dynamics Controller on a Two-link Brachiating Robot

We report on our recent empirical success in the study of a two-link brachiating robot. The target dynamics controller developed in our previous work (1997) is implemented on a physical system in our laboratory. The swing locomotion and swing-up behavior of the robot as well as continuous locomotion have been successfully attained. The experimental results illustrate the effectiveness of our control strategy

Preliminary studies of a second generation brachiation robot controller

We report on our preliminary studies of a new controller for a two-link brachiating robot. Motivated by the pendulum-like motion of an ape\u27s brachiation, we encode this task as the output of a target dynamical system . Numerical simulations indicate that the resulting controller solves a number of brachiating problems that we term the ladder , swing up and rope problems. Preliminary analysis provides some explanation for this success. We discuss a number of formal questions whose answers will be required to gain a full understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of this approach

Brachiation on a Ladder with Irregular Intervals

We have previously developed a brachiation controller that allows a two degree of freedom robot to swing from handhold to handhold on a horizontal ladder with evenly space rungs as well as swing up from a suspended posture using a target dynamics controller. In this paper, we extend this class of algorithms to handle the much more natural problem of locomotion over irregularly spaced handholds. Numerical simulations and laboratory experiments illustrate the effectiveness of this generalization

A Hybrid Swing up Controller for a Two-link Brachiating Robot

In this paper, we report on a hybrid scheme for regulating the swing up behavior of a two degree of freedom brachiating robot. In this controller, a previous target dynamics controller and a mechanical energy regulator are combined. The proposed controller guarantees the boundedness of the total energy of the system. Simulations suggest that this hybrid controller achieves much better regulation of the desired swing motion than the target dynamics method by itself

A Brachiating Robot Controller

We report on our empirical studies of a new controller for a two-link brachiating robot. Motivated by the pendulum-like motion of an ape\u27s brachiation, we encode this task as the output of a target dynamical system. Numerical simulations indicate that the resulting controller solves a number of brachiation problems that we term the ladder, swing-up, and rope problems. Preliminary analysis provides some explanation for this success. The proposed controller is implemented on a physical system in our laboratory. The robot achieves behaviors including swing locomotion and swing up and is capable of continuous locomotion over several rungs of a ladder. We discuss a number of formal questions whose answers will be required to gain a full understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of this approach

Structural analysis of zirconium oxynitride/water interface using neural network potential

Zr oxides with oxygen-nitrogen substitutions and oxygen vacancies are promising candidates to replace Pt as electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction. To understand the microscopic structure of the catalyst/water interface, many nanosecond-long molecular dynamics simulations were performed using the interatomic force field constructed by machine learning the ab initio calculations. A defective Zr$_7$O$_8$N$_4$/H$_2$O interface model was simulated and compared with a pristine ZrO$_2$/H$_2$O interface model. Water was found to be adsorbed on the surface partly as a H$_2$O molecule or as dissociated components, OH and H, on both surfaces. On the pristine ZrO$_2$ surface, H$_2$O molecules show a monolayer adsorption structure and adsorb on all Zr atoms with equal probability. On defective Zr$_7$O$_8$N$_4$ surface, however, H$_2$O molecules show a bilayer adsorption structure and do not adsorb on the oxygen vacancies but only on some of the surrounding Zr atoms. The total number of the molecular and dissociative adsorptions are almost the same on both surfaces, but a larger number are dissociatively adsorbed on the pristine surface. Possible implications for the catalytic behaviour are discussed.Comment: 27 pages, 6 figure